Search results for "Respiratory rate"
showing 10 items of 58 documents
Performance of PSI, CURB-65, and SCAP scores in predicting the outcome of patients with community-acquired and healthcare-associated pneumonia
2011
The objective was to compare three score systems, pneumonia severity index (PSI), the Confusion-Urea-Respiratory Rate-Blood pressure-65 (CURB-65), and severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP), for prediction of the outcomes in a cohort of patients with community-acquired (CAP) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). Large multi-center, prospective, observational study was conducted in 55 hospitals. HCAP patients were included in the high classes of CURB-65, PSI and SCAP scores have a mortality rate higher than that of CAP patients. HCAP patients included in the low class of the three severity rules have a significantly higher incidence of adverse events, including development of septi…
Ventilation and gas exchange before and after voluntary static surface breath-holds in clinically healthy bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus
2019
ABSTRACT We measured respiratory flow ( V ), breathing frequency ( f R ), tidal volume ( V T ), breath duration and end-expired O 2 content in bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) before and after static surface breath-holds ranging from 34 to 292 s. There was considerable variation in the end-expired O 2 , V T and f R following a breath-hold. The analysis suggests that the dolphins attempt to minimize recovery following a dive by altering V T and f R to rapidly replenish the O 2 stores. For the first breath following a surface breath-hold, the end-expired O 2 decreased with dive duration, while V T and f R increased. Throughout the recovery period, end-expired O 2 increased while the…
Silver Nanoparticles Affect Functional Bioenergetic Traits in the Invasive Red Sea Mussel Brachidontes pharaonis
2016
We investigated the functional trait responses to 5 nm metallic silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) exposure in the Lessepsian-entry bivalveB. pharaonis. Respiration rate (oxygen consumption), heartbeat rate, and absorption efficiency were evaluated across an 8-day exposure period in mesocosmal conditions. Basal reference values from not-exposed specimens were statistically compared with those obtained from animals treated with three sublethal nanoparticle concentrations (2 μg L−1, 20 μg L−1, and 40 μg L−1). Our data showed statistically significant effects on the average respiration rate ofB. pharaonis. Moreover, complex nonlinear dynamics were observed as a function of the concentration level and…
Expression of aquaporins 1 and 5 in a model of ventilator-induced lung injury and its relation to tidal volume
2016
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Although different studies have attempted to find factors that influence the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) in the lung in different situations, to date no research group has explored the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 jointly in rats mechanically ventilated with different tidal volumes in a model of ventilator-induced lung injury. What is the main finding? Mechanical ventilation with a high tidal volume causes lung injury and oedema, increasing lung permeability. In rats ventilated with a high tidal volume, the pulmonary expression of AQP1 decreases. We analysed the expression of aquaporins 1 and 5 and its relation with tidal volume in…
Cardiovascular control and time domain granger causality: Insights from selective autonomic blockade
2013
We studied causal relations among heart period (HP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and respiration (R) according to the definition of Granger causality in the time domain. Autonomic pharmacological challenges were used to alter the complexity of cardiovascular control. Atropine (AT), propranolol and clonidine (CL) were administered to block muscarinic receptors, β-adrenergic receptors and centrally sympathetic outflow, respectively. We found that: (i) at baseline, HP and SAP interacted in a closed loop with a dominant causal direction from HP to SAP; (ii) pharmacological blockades did not alter the bidirectional closed-loop interactions between HP and SAP, but AT reduced the dominance of…
Instantaneous transfer entropy for the study of cardio-respiratory dynamics
2015
Measures of transfer entropy have been proposed to quantify the directional coupling and strength between two complex physiological variables. Particular attention has been given to nonlinear interactions within cardiovascular and respiratory dynamics as influenced by the autonomic nervous system. However, standard transfer entropy estimates have shown major limitations in dealing with issues concerning stochastic system modeling, limited observations in time, and the assumption of stationarity of the considered physiological variables. Moreover, standard estimates are unable to track time-varying changes in nonlinear coupling with high resolution in time. Here, we propose a novel definitio…
Measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide in spontaneously breathing patients in the pre-hospital setting. A prospective evaluation of 350 patients
2002
Monitoring of end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO(2)) is good clinical practice in the patient who is intubated and ventilated. This study investigated the EtCO(2) values in spontaneously breathing patients treated in a physician-staffed mobile intensive care unit (MICU). This article also discusses whether EtCO(2) monitoring may have an influence on therapeutic decisions by emergency physicians by providing additional information.Over a period of 6 months, 350 spontaneously breathing patients (162 males, 137 females) were treated and transported in our MICU and monitored using a LifePak 12 monitor (EtCO(2), respiratory rate, pO(2), blood pressure, heart rate). Only 299 were enrolled in the stud…
Physiological responses and parasympathetic reactivation in rescue interventions: The effect of the breathing apparatus.
2018
This study aimed to assess the effect of wearing a breathing apparatus during a simulated rescue intervention on psychophysiological responses and parasympathetic reactivation of firefighters. Thirty-four firefighters participated in this study which consisted of four experimental sessions conducted randomly: a maximal fitness test and three rescue interventions performed (a) with personal protective clothing (PPC); (b) with PPC and the full self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), including cylinder, full-face piece, and breathing regulator; and (c) with PPC and only the cylinder of the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBAc). Physiological (heart rate [HR], breathing frequency [BF]) …
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone has stimulatory effects on ventilation in humans
1991
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates pituitary thyrotropin synthesis and release and also regulates autonomic nervous system functions by acting as a neuromodulator and neurotransmitter. In experimental animals a stimulation of ventilation by thyrotropin-releasing hormone was shown when applied at central nervous system sites that affect respiratory motor output. It was the goal of our study to investigate the respiratory properties of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on basal and stimulated (i.e. CO2-rebreathing) conditions following systemic thyrotropin-releasing hormone application in healthy humans. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (200 micrograms, 400 micrograms intravenous) initia…
Responsiveness of human neonates to the odor of 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one: A behavioral paradox?
2014
The odorous steroid 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one (AND) occurs in numerous biological fluids in mammals, including man, where it is believed to play a chemocommunicative role. As AND was recently detected in milk and amniotic fluid, sensitivity and hedonic responses to this substance were assessed in human neonates. To this aim, respiration and facial expressions were recorded in 3-day-old newborns in response to aqueous solutions of AND, ranging from 500ng/mL to 0.5 fg/mL. Although analyses of respiratory rate did not lead to clear-cut results, the newborns changed their facial expressions at concentrations not detected by adults in a triangle test. Newborns displayed negative facial actions …